Assess students' understanding of watershed structure (drainage divide, tributaries, main channel, floodplain) and functions (drainage, storage, filtration), and how land-use changes—urbanization, deforestation, and agriculture—alter water quality (pollutants, sediment, nutrient loading) and flood risk (increased runoff, reduced infiltration). Expect cause–effect reasoning, interpretation of a simple watershed diagram or scenario, and brief mitigation ideas (e.g., vegetation buffers, permeable surfaces).