Assess students' ability to apply the watershed water-balance equation (P = ET + Q + ΔS ± transfers) to calculate seasonal water deficits, estimate crop irrigation requirements, and evaluate drought risk across a watershed or sub-basins. Provide precipitation, evapotranspiration, runoff, and storage-change data; require unit conversions, step-by-step calculations, clear assumptions/uncertainty checks, and justified management recommendations for irrigation scheduling or drought mitigation.