Assess graduate-level ability to analyze internal and external validity threats in quasi-experimental educational intervention studies using propensity score matching and difference-in-differences, including diagnosing selection bias, violations of common support and parallel trends, time-varying confounders, spillovers, attrition, and measurement error; selecting and justifying balance diagnostics, sensitivity analyses, placebo tests, and model specifications; and interpreting results, robustness, and limits to generalizability.