Test students' understanding of how rapid urbanization during the Industrial Revolution transformed family life, labor practices, and public health. Scope includes causes of urban migration, changes in household composition and gender/child roles, the rise of factory labor, working conditions and child labor, emergence of labor movements, urban crowding, sanitation problems, disease and mortality patterns, and public-health responses (sanitation reforms, public hospitals, legislation). Expect analysis of short- and long-term social effects and use of examples from Britain and other industrializing regions.