Assess students' ability to analyze how urban planning decisions, transportation access, and socioeconomic factors create and sustain food deserts in cities. Scope includes definitions and indicators of food deserts, spatial and transit analyses (distance to stores, transit frequency, walkability), zoning and retail location policies, income and demographic correlations, health and equity impacts, interpretation of maps/data and case studies, and formulation of evidence-based planning, transit, and community interventions with equity considerations.