Assess students' understanding of urban heat islands (UHI) by testing causes and physical mechanisms (surface materials, impervious cover, reduced evapotranspiration), climate-science context (local warming, heatwaves), and public-health impacts (heat stress, air quality, vulnerable populations). Evaluate knowledge of urban-planning mitigation strategies (green infrastructure, cool roofs, reflective pavements, zoning) and ability to analyze simple temperature/land-cover data, weigh trade-offs, and propose evidence-based local interventions or policy recommendations.