Assess understanding of the urban heat island (UHI) phenomenon, covering physical and human causes (e.g., impervious surfaces, reduced vegetation, urban geometry, anthropogenic heat), environmental and public-health consequences (higher temperatures, increased energy demand, worsened air quality, heat-related illness), and mitigation strategies (green roofs/trees, reflective materials, urban design and policy). Questions will require explanation, comparison of strategy effectiveness, and application to simple urban scenarios.