Assess students' understanding of trade-offs in energy storage by evaluating key battery chemistries (e.g., lithium‑ion, flow, lead‑acid, solid‑state), technical and operational grid integration challenges (capacity, intermittency, response times, siting, interconnection), and lifecycle environmental impacts (materials extraction, manufacturing emissions, recycling and disposal implications), requiring comparison, analysis of use-case suitability, and consideration of policy/management strategies to mitigate harms.