Test students' ability to analyze environmental, economic, and social trade-offs in converting a mid-sized city's public bus fleet from diesel to electric. Scope includes lifecycle greenhouse gas and pollutant emissions, total cost of ownership (purchase, infrastructure, maintenance, fuel/electricity), grid and charging impacts, service reliability and range constraints, workforce transition, equity and community impacts, and policy or financing options; require quantitative comparisons, scenario/sensitivity analysis, stakeholder assessment, and evidence-based recommendations.