Assess students' ability to apply semiotic frameworks (e.g., Saussure, Peirce, Barthes) to analyze gender representation in 19th‑century French Salon paintings. Scope: identification of visual signifiers, iconography, compositional codes, and mythic narratives in selected academic works (c. 1800s–early 1900s); contextualization within Salon culture and contemporary gender ideologies; and construction of evidence-based interpretations using semiotic terminology.