Assess middle-school students’ ability to apply basic supply and demand principles to set prices and inventory for a school fundraising sale. Include interpreting simple demand tables or graphs, estimating quantity demanded at different prices, calculating revenue and identifying shortages or surpluses, selecting an optimal price and inventory to meet a fundraising target or minimize waste, and explaining reasoning and trade-offs (e.g., perishable goods, budget limits). Use one or two short numeric scenarios requiring calculations and a brief written justification. This is designed for grade 6–8, medium difficulty, application-level tasks.