Assess students' ability to apply electoral system models to predict party seat distributions under first-past-the-post (FPTP), proportional representation (using common divisors such as D'Hondt and Sainte-Laguë), and mixed-member proportional (MMP) systems. Tasks include translating national and district vote shares into seat allocations for single-member plurality districts, computing list-seat distributions under PR with thresholds and district magnitudes, resolving overhang and compensatory seats in MMP, comparing outcomes across systems, quantifying disproportionality, and explaining strategic and regional effects. Students will perform calculations for supplied vote data, justify algorithm choices, and interpret model sensitivity.