Assess students' ability to apply series and parallel circuit concepts to predict how bulb brightness and overall and branch currents change when components (bulbs, resistors, batteries) are added, removed, or shorted. Include comparisons (adding a bulb in series vs. parallel, removing a bulb, changing battery count) and require qualitative and simple quantitative explanations using total resistance and current distribution. Suitable for grades 6–8, medium difficulty, apply-level.