Assess students' understanding of how the Nile River shaped ancient Egyptian political structures (role of the pharaoh, control of irrigation and administration), economic life (seasonal flooding and agriculture, transport and trade, resource distribution), and religious beliefs/practices (deification of the Nile, flood rituals, temple placement). Items should require short explanations, cause‑and‑effect analysis, and at least one concrete example or brief map interpretation; suitable for grades 6–8.