Assess students' ability to design a multi-objective, spatially explicit land‑use optimization model for a temperate agricultural watershed that maximizes biodiversity connectivity and carbon sequestration while minimizing surface runoff and economic loss over a 50‑year planning horizon under three climate scenarios (RCP4.5, RCP6.0, RCP8.5). Evaluate formulation of objective functions and trade-offs, selection of connectivity and carbon models, hydrological/runoff and economic-loss modules, spatial allocation methods and algorithms (e.g., ILP, GA, MOPSO), data requirements and preprocessing, scenario-based climate inputs and uncertainty analysis, calibration/validation approaches, and the generation and interpretation of spatial land‑use maps and performance metrics.