Test students' ability to critically evaluate Minimalist Program (movement/feature-checking) and Lexical-Functional Grammar (functional structures/f-structures) accounts of long-distance dependencies and island constraints; scope includes empirical diagnostics (wh-extraction, parasitic gaps, adjunct vs argument islands), cross-linguistic data, predictive adequacy, parsimony, and explanatory coverage—students should compare analyses on provided data, identify strengths and weaknesses of each framework, and argue for a preferred account with empirical and theoretical justification.