Test graduate-level understanding of thermodynamics and kinetics in enzyme-catalyzed reactions: derive the Michaelis–Menten equation using the steady-state approximation, relate Km, kcat, and Vmax to microscopic rate constants and equilibrium/ΔG constraints, predict how competitive, noncompetitive, and uncompetitive inhibitors alter kinetic parameters and plots, and analyze short quantitative scenarios to interpret changes in reaction velocity and catalytic efficiency.