Assess understanding of mechanisms controlling methane emissions from peatlands, emphasizing hydrological controls (water table position, lateral and vertical transport, ebullition), vegetation influences (aerenchyma-mediated fluxes, species composition, root exudates and litter quality), and temperature effects on methanogenesis and methanotrophy (Q10 responses, seasonal dynamics). Include interactions among these drivers, common measurement and modeling approaches, and implications for mitigation and climate feedbacks.