Assess learners' understanding of the major molecular and clinical mechanisms of antibiotic resistance (e.g., enzymatic drug modification, target alteration, efflux pumps, decreased permeability, horizontal gene transfer) and core antimicrobial stewardship concepts, including appropriate prescribing principles, diagnostic and surveillance use (e.g., antibiograms), de-escalation, dose/duration optimization, IV-to-oral switch, infection-prevention measures, and common stewardship metrics; include application to brief clinical scenarios and recognition of system-level barriers and interventions.