Assess graduate students' recall of major 20th‑century schools of linguistics by asking them to identify each school, name its foundational author(s), state the school's central concept(s) in one concise sentence, and give the original publication year of a seminal work associated with that school; scope includes (but is not limited to) Saussurean and American structuralism, the Prague School, functionalist approaches, generative grammar, and typology.