Assess undergraduate students' understanding of concurrency control in relational databases by comparing locking (pessimistic) and MVCC (multiversion) approaches. Test knowledge of how each enforces isolation, common anomalies they permit or prevent (dirty reads, nonrepeatable reads, phantoms), performance and implementation trade-offs (latency, throughput, contention, deadlocks, storage and garbage collection), snapshot semantics and isolation levels, and which approach suits typical OLTP versus OLAP scenarios. Require concise explanations, example behaviors, and reasoned trade-off evaluations.