Assess learners' ability to analyze lifecycle environmental impacts of single‑use versus reusable consumer packaging within municipal waste management systems, including comparison across life stages (material sourcing, production, transport, use/cleaning, end‑of‑life disposal, recycling, composting, incineration), quantification of key indicators (GHG emissions, energy and water use, resource depletion), influence of reuse frequency and return/contamination rates, sensitivity to system assumptions, and implications for municipal collection, sorting logistics, policy, and decision‑making.