Assess understanding of how land-use changes (urbanization, agriculture, deforestation) alter watershed processes—raising sediment loads and nutrient (N, P) runoff—how those changes affect water quality and aquatic ecosystems, methods for measuring and modeling impacts (monitoring, load estimates, GIS), and evaluate practical management and mitigation strategies (riparian buffers, cover crops, stormwater controls, erosion control, policy/incentives). Test ability to analyze cause–effect, interpret basic monitoring data, and recommend context-appropriate watershed management actions.