Test graduate students' ability to analyze intertextuality and cultural hybridity in 20th-century postcolonial literature by identifying and interpreting textual references and allusions, tracing linguistic and formal hybridity, and applying postcolonial theories (e.g., Bhabha, Said, Spivak) to evaluate how hybrid modes negotiate identity, power, and cultural memory across selected novels, poems, and plays from Africa, South Asia, and the Caribbean.