Evaluate students' ability to identify, contextualize, and interpret symbolic motifs and iconographic programs in 15th–16th century Northern Renaissance paintings, including Marian and Passion imagery, vanitas and domestic emblems, plants and animals as symbols, donor portraiture, and workshop conventions; assessments consist of short-answer visual analyses of selected works (e.g., van Eyck, Memling, Bosch, van der Weyden) requiring connections to patronage, devotional practices, and relevant primary/secondary sources.