Test students' understanding of how first-past-the-post (single-member plurality), proportional representation (list or multi-member), and ranked-choice voting (instant-runoff) influence political representation and party systems. Assess ability to explain key mechanisms (district magnitude, seat allocation, thresholds, ballot structure), predict consequences (disproportionality, party concentration or fragmentation, strategic voting, coalition formation), apply concepts like Duverger's law, and analyze brief scenarios or outcome data. Medium difficulty; emphasis on comparison and evaluation.