Assess students' ability to analyze how first-past-the-post, proportional representation, and ranked-choice voting shape party systems and election outcomes. Require: concise description of each system's mechanics; comparative analysis of effects on party number, coalition formation, and seats-to-votes proportionality (including Duvergerian effects); discussion of strategic voting incentives and minority representation; and application to a real-world or hypothetical case to predict and interpret electoral results.