Test graduate-level analytical understanding of comparative effects and mechanistic pathways by which high-intensity interval training (HIIT) versus moderate continuous training (MCT) influence endothelial function and cardiometabolic biomarkers in adults with metabolic syndrome, including nitric oxide/eNOS signaling, shear stress, oxidative stress, inflammation, insulin sensitivity, lipid and glycemic biomarkers, interpretation of acute vs chronic interventions, and critical appraisal of study design and translational implications.