Assess students' understanding of heat transfer modes—conduction, convection, and radiation—using everyday examples (e.g., touching a hot pan, boiling water, feeling the sun). Require identification of the dominant mode, clear explanations of how energy moves, comparisons across solids/liquids/gases, and predictions of how changing materials, insulation, or temperature differences alters heat flow; focus on conceptual reasoning suitable for grades 6–8 (no advanced math).