Assess students' understanding of the greenhouse effect: how Earth's atmosphere naturally traps heat (solar shortwave in, terrestrial longwave out), the main greenhouse gases (water vapor, CO2, CH4), how human activities (fossil fuel burning, deforestation, agriculture) enhance warming, observable impacts (global temperature rise, ice melt, changing weather), and basic mitigation concepts; include conceptual questions and simple cause-and-effect analysis suitable for grades 6–8.