Assess students' understanding of the greenhouse effect mechanism and how major greenhouse gases (e.g., CO2, CH4, H2O, N2O) influence Earth's temperature. Include identification of natural vs. human sources, the basic radiative balance (incoming solar vs. outgoing infrared), and simple cause–effect links to warming. Questions should be introductory recall-level (definitions, roles of gases, examples, and brief explanations), suitable for grades 9–12.