Assess and apply GIS-based multicriteria decision analysis to identify suitable sites for utility-scale solar farms in semi-arid landscapes. Test selection and justification of spatial datasets (ecological sensitivity, solar irradiance, land use/cover, slope, proximity to grid), choice of normalization and weighting (e.g., AHP), implementation of constraints, production and interpretation of a ranked suitability map, sensitivity analysis, and proposed mitigation to reduce ecological and land-use conflicts; outline workflow, decision rules, and validation approaches.