Assess learners' understanding of the geometric meaning of eigenvalues and eigenvectors for real 2×2 linear transformations. Items should require computing eigenpairs for 2×2 matrices, identifying invariant directions, interpreting eigenvalues as scaling factors (including sign indicating reflection), describing the action on the unit circle and basis vectors, distinguishing cases (distinct real eigenvalues, repeated eigenvalue with one or two eigenvectors, and complex eigenvalues implying rotation), and connecting these interpretations to diagonalization and shear behavior.