Assess students' ability to apply formal visual analysis to identify and explain composition and perspective techniques in Renaissance portrait paintings. Scope includes recognizing compositional structures (e.g., pyramidal arrangement, three‑quarter pose, use of negative space), spatial devices (linear perspective, vanishing point, orthogonals, foreshortening, scale, overlapping planes), and the role of background and lighting in creating depth and focus. Students should cite specific visual evidence from supplied images or canonical examples and briefly interpret how these techniques shape sitter presence and viewer engagement.