Assess students' ability to evaluate environmental, economic, and social trade-offs between implementing large-scale urban vertical farming and expanding traditional rural agriculture to feed a specified mid-sized city; scope includes comparative lifecycle impacts (energy, water, land, emissions), costs and scalability (capital, operating, supply chains, yield), social effects (food access, employment, equity, land use), policy and stakeholder considerations, and synthesis of qualitative and quantitative evidence to justify a recommended strategy under stated assumptions and uncertainty.