Test ability to analyze coupled biogeochemical and hydrological feedbacks controlling carbon and methane emissions from thawing Arctic permafrost peatlands under climate and land‑use perturbations. Scope includes permafrost thaw processes (active layer deepening, thermokarst), hydrological responses (water‑table dynamics, drainage/rewetting), substrate and redox controls on microbial CO2 and CH4 production/oxidation, measurement and modeling approaches for greenhouse‑gas fluxes, and effects of warming, precipitation shifts, and land‑use change. Assess interpretation of observational datasets, development and evaluation of coupled process models, quantification of feedback strengths and uncertainties, and design of mitigation or research strategies.