Assess the relative effectiveness of nonviolent and violent protest strategies used during the U.S. Civil Rights Movement (c. 1954–1968) in producing legal reforms and social change. Using specific case studies (e.g., Montgomery Bus Boycott, sit-ins, Freedom Rides, Selma marches, and urban uprisings), analyze short- and long-term impacts, links to legislation (Civil Rights Act, Voting Rights Act), shifts in public opinion, and limitations. Support your evaluation with evidence from primary and secondary sources and present a reasoned conclusion about which approach achieved greater legal and social gains.