Assess learners' ability to evaluate trade-offs between coastal managed retreat and engineered seawall defenses for mid-sized coastal cities under probabilistic sea-level rise and storm surge scenarios, covering risk reduction, lifecycle costs, ecosystem services, social equity, governance/financing, and uncertainty. Tasks include comparative scenario analysis, interpretation of probabilistic hazard projections, application of decision frameworks (cost–benefit, multi-criteria), and justification of recommended strategies with sensitivity to uncertainty and stakeholder impacts.