Assess learners' ability to evaluate and synthesize trade‑offs and synergies among biodiversity conservation, agricultural productivity, and carbon sequestration in land‑use planning for a tropical watershed. Expect application of spatially explicit and temporal reasoning, interpretation of quantitative metrics (species richness/functional diversity, yield, aboveground and soil carbon), use of scenario analysis and optimization or multi‑criteria decision analysis, integration of stakeholder values and policy instruments, and formulation of evidence‑based land‑use recommendations that balance ecological, economic, and social objectives.