Assess graduate-level ability to evaluate the robustness and policy relevance of integrated assessment models (IAMs) for climate–economic decision-making under deep uncertainty. Test understanding of IAM structure and assumptions (damage functions, socioeconomic pathways, discounting, tipping points), sources of uncertainty (parametric, structural, scenario, deep/unknown), and robustness methods (sensitivity analysis, ensembles, scenario discovery, robust decision-making, info-gap, model intercomparison). Require critique of model limitations, assessment of policy relevance (transparency, equity, actionable insights), and clear recommendations for methodological improvements and communication to decision-makers.