Evaluate comparative effectiveness, long-term adherence, and population-level equity implications of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) versus moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) for reducing cardiovascular disease risk in adults. Test ability to appraise evidence from randomized trials, cohort studies, and meta-analyses on outcomes (cardiorespiratory fitness, blood pressure, lipids, incident CVD), interpret adherence patterns and behavioral determinants over time, assess differential impacts across age, sex, socioeconomic status, and comorbidities, and synthesize recommendations for clinical practice, public health programming, and equity-focused policy.