Assess students' understanding of how the ATP-PCr, anaerobic glycolytic, and aerobic oxidative systems contribute to ATP production across a range of exercise durations and intensities; expect identification of dominant pathways for typical time domains (e.g., 0–10 s, 10–120 s, 2–20 min, >20 min), interpretation of VO2 and lactate trends, estimation of relative contributions, and application of this knowledge to exercise examples and training implications.