Assess students' understanding of how first-past-the-post (FPTP) and proportional representation (PR) shape party systems and voter behavior: compare expected party system outcomes (number of parties, concentration, coalition politics), explain institutional mechanisms (district magnitude, electoral thresholds, mechanical and psychological effects, Duverger’s logic), analyze voter incentives (strategic vs sincere voting, turnout, representation of minorities), and apply these concepts to short comparative case evidence or simple electoral data/diagrams.