Assess the test-taker’s ability to design a rigorous mixed-methods research proposal to evaluate the efficacy and equity impacts of adaptive learning systems in graduate STEM education, specifying a conceptual framework and research questions, sampling and power considerations for quantitative and qualitative strands, valid/reliable instruments (assessments, LMS logs, surveys, interview guides), analytic approaches (e.g., multilevel models, causal inference, thematic coding), integration strategy, equity metrics/disaggregation, ethical issues, and a feasible timeline and dissemination plan.