Assess undergraduate students' understanding of concurrency control in relational databases, covering locking mechanisms (shared/exclusive locks), two‑phase locking variants (basic, strict) and how they ensure serializability, deadlock detection/avoidance, and multi‑version concurrency control (MVCC) including snapshot isolation, common anomalies (dirty reads, non‑repeatable reads, phantom reads, lost updates), and trade-offs in performance and consistency; include conceptual explanations, short scenario analyses, and comparisons of which methods prevent which anomalies.