Assess graduate students' ability to analyze and compare judicial review standards used to enforce socio‑economic rights in constitutional democracies—covering doctrines (justiciability, minimum core, reasonableness, proportionality), standards of review, remedial powers, and institutional constraints—and to evaluate empirically and doctrinally how these approaches influence public policy-making, budgetary decisions, democratic legitimacy, and separation of powers; require critique of comparative case law and proposals for doctrinal or institutional reform.