Assess the ability to design and execute a graduate-level study that applies causal inference methods and GIS-based spatial analysis to evaluate how urban green infrastructure (e.g., bioswales, permeable pavements, green roofs) affects flood mitigation. Scope includes selecting appropriate causal designs (difference-in-differences, synthetic control, matching, instrumental variables), handling spatial and temporal confounding, preprocessing and analyzing spatial datasets (LiDAR/DEM, land cover, precipitation, gauge data), defining flood-relevant outcome metrics (peak flow, inundation extent, retention), interpreting effect estimates, and discussing limitations and policy implications.