Assess understanding of carbon sequestration processes in soils and vegetation, including key biological mechanisms (photosynthesis, litter inputs, root exudation, microbial stabilization), soil carbon pools and fluxes, common measurement and monitoring approaches, and how land management practices (afforestation, agroforestry, conservation tillage, grazing management, biochar, peatland restoration) influence sequestration potential, permanence, trade-offs, and practical implications for policy and management decisions.