Assess understanding of the carbon cycle's major reservoirs, fluxes, and residence times; key natural and anthropogenic drivers (fossil fuel combustion, land‑use change, cement production); measurement indicators (atmospheric CO2, δ13C, carbon budgets); feedbacks and sink dynamics; and evaluation of mitigation pathways and policy implications. Questions will test conceptual knowledge, interpretation of simple data, and short analytical reasoning about sources versus sinks and management options.