Assess graduate-level understanding of the biophysical bases of ion selectivity and gating in voltage-gated potassium (Kv) channels, including structural determinants of K+ selectivity and permeation (selectivity filter coordination, dehydration/energetics), voltage-sensor and pore gating mechanisms (S4 movement, S6 gate, coupling, C-/N-type inactivation), interpretation of patch-clamp, mutagenesis, cryo-EM/crystallography and MD data, and basic kinetic/energetic analysis of channel function.